Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2013 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 8 Articles
A Biphasic drug delivery system is the new trend of treating diseases, where the drug needed to be released immediately as well as for long duration. Biphasic drug delivery comprise of 2 phases i.e. Immediate release phase and Sustained release phase. Few approaches had been explored in this drug delivery system like Bilayer tablets, Matrix tablets , Floating matrix tablets etc. But the drawbacks are always been a definite problems for tablets while incorporating two different phases in one tablet. To overcome these problem biphasic drug delivery through capsule device is prescribed drug delivery system. Various types of techniques employed for the development of this type of dosage form. Review focused on formulation aspect of biphasic drug delivery system and their evaluation techniques. The purpose of this comprehensive review is to compile the work going on this delivery system. Which provide the valuable information related to formulation aspect to achieve biphasic drug delivery and discussed the various factors affect and to overcome it. This article explains why the development and production of biphasic drug delivery system through capsule device needs to be carried out on purpose to overcome common bi-layer table and matrix tablets problems, such as layer-separation, insufficient hardness, inaccurate individual layer weight control, cross-contamination between the layers, reduced yield, etc....
Cyclosporine A (CsA) is one of the most effective systemic drugs available for the treatment of psoriasis, as evidenced by the results\r\nof several randomized studies and by a prolonged experience in dermatological setting. In clinical practice, CsA is usually used for\r\nthe induction of psoriasis remission at a daily dose included in the range of 2.5ââ?¬â??5mg/kg and with intermittent short-termregimens,\r\nlasting on average 3ââ?¬â??6 months. The magnitude and rapidity of response are dose dependent, as well as the risk of development\r\nof adverse events. Therefore, the dose should be tailored to patientââ?¬â?¢s needs and general characteristics and adjusted during the\r\ntreatment course according to both the efficacy and tolerability. Some studies support the feasibility of pulse administration of CsA\r\nfor a few days per week for both the induction and the maintenance of response in psoriasis patients. This paper will review the\r\ndata on CsA regimens for plaque-type psoriasis and will focus the attention on dose, treatment duration, novel schedules, and role\r\nin combination therapies, including the association with biologicals....
The present study examines the therapeutic efficacy of the administration of low-dose cisplatin (cis) followed by exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF), with an average intensity of 10 mT, on Ehrlich carcinoma in vivo. The cytotoxic and genotoxic actions of this combination were studied using comet assay, mitotic index (MI), and the induction of micronucleus (MN). Moreover, the inhibition of tumor growth was also measured. Treatment with cisplatin and ELF-MF (group A) increased the number of damaged cells by 54% compared with 41% for mice treated with cisplatin alone (group B), 20% for mice treated by exposure to ELF-MF (group C), and 9% for the control group (group D). Also the mitotic index decreased significantly for all treated groups (P < 0.001). The decrement percent for the treated groups (A, B, and C) were 70%, 65%, and 22%, respectively, compared with the control group (D). Additionally, the rate of tumor growth at day 12 was suppressed significantly (P < 0.001) for groups A, B, and C with respect to group (D). These results suggest that ELF-MF enhanced the cytotoxic activity of cisplatin and potentiate the benefit of using a combination of low-dose cisplatin and ELF-MF in the treatment of Ehrlich carcinoma....
Objective. To compare effects of low- versus high-dose aspirin coadministered with ticagrelor on the reactivity of vascular\r\nsmooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Methods.Wistar rats were orally administered ticagrelor (10mg/kg) and/or aspirin (2 or 10mg/kg)\r\nn = 7 per each of 4 groups) or placebo (n = 9) 12 and 2 hours before experiments. Anticontractile effects of ticagrelor\r\nwere assessed in perfusion solution containing ticagrelor (1 ??M/L). Changes in perfusion pressure proportional to the degree\r\nof adenosine diphosphate analogue- (2-MeS-ADP-) and phenylephrine-induced constriction of rat tail arteries were evaluated.\r\nResults. Pretreatment with high- but not low-dose aspirin enhanced the reactivity of VSMCs only in endothelium-lined vessels.\r\nSuppression of 2-MeS-ADP-induced VSMC contraction by ticagrelor observed in arteries with and without endothelium was\r\nmaintained in endothelialized arteries pretreated only with low-dose aspirin. For endothelium-denuded vessels and low-dose\r\naspirin we observed a significant reduction of the maximal effect of ticagrelor with no rightward shift of the concentration-response\r\ncurve for phenylephrine.With high-dose aspirin pretreatment ticagrelor exerted no anticontractile effect. Conclusion. High-dose,\r\nbut not low-dose, aspirin impairs the anticontractile effect of ticagrelor on ADP-induced VSMC contraction in the rat model. Both\r\nthe clinical significance and detailed underlying mechanism of our findings require further investigation....
Methotrexate (MTX) is a nonbiological disease-modifying antirheumatic drug that has shown both a good control of clinical disease\r\nand a good safety. Usually drug-drug interactions (DDIs) represent the most limiting factor during the clinical management of any\r\ndisease, in particular when several drugs are coadministered to treat the same disease. In this paper, we report the interactions\r\namong MTX and the other drugs commonly used in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Using Medline, PubMed, Embase,\r\nCochrane libraries, and Reference lists,we searched for the articles published until June 30, 2012, andwe reported the most common\r\nDDIs between MTX and antirheumatic drugs. In particular, clinically relevant DDIs have been described during the treatment\r\nwith MTX and NSAIDs, for example, diclofenac, indomethacin, or COX-2 inhibitors, and between MTX and prednisone or\r\nimmunosuppressant drugs (e.g., leflunomide and cyclosporine). Finally, an increase in the risk of infections has been recorded\r\nduring the combination treatment with MTX plus antitumor necrosis factor-a agents. In conclusion, during the treatment with\r\nMTX, DDIs play an important role in both the development of ADRs and therapeutic failure....
Background: The eliciting dose (ED) for a peanut allergic reaction in 5% of the peanut allergic population, the\r\nED05, is 1.5 mg of peanut protein. This ED05 was derived from oral food challenges (OFC) that use graded,\r\nincremental doses administered at fixed time intervals. Individual patientsââ?¬â?¢ threshold doses were used to generate\r\npopulation dose-distribution curves using probability distributions from which the ED05 was then determined. It is\r\nimportant to clinically validate that this dose is predictive of the allergenic response in a further unselected group\r\nof peanut-allergic individuals.\r\nMethods/Aims: This is a multi-centre study involving three national level referral and teaching centres.\r\n(Cork University Hospital, Ireland, Royal Childrenââ?¬â?¢s Hospital Melbourne, Australia and Massachusetts General Hospital,\r\nBoston, U.S.A.) The study is now in process and will continue to run until all centres have recruited 125 participates\r\nin each respective centre.\r\nA total of 375 participants, aged 1ââ?¬â??18 years will be recruited during routine Allergy appointments in the centres.\r\nThe aim is to assess the precision of the predicted ED05 using a single dose (6 mg peanut = 1.5 mg of peanut\r\nprotein) in the form of a cookie. Validated Food Allergy related Quality of Life Questionnaires-(FAQLQ) will be\r\nself-administered prior to OFC and 1 month after challenge to assess the impact of a single dose OFC on FAQL.\r\nSerological and cell based in vitro studies will be performed.\r\nConclusion: The validation of the ED05 threshold for allergic reactions in peanut allergic subjects has potential\r\nvalue for public health measures. The single dose OFC, based upon the statistical dose-distribution analysis of past\r\nchallenge trials, promises an efficient approach to identify the most highly sensitive patients within any given\r\nfood-allergic population...
Simultaneous bilateral quadriceps tendon rupture is a very rare injury, which was previously only described in slightly more than\r\n100 cases in the English literature. Occurrence after minor trauma is predominantly associated with certain medical conditions\r\nincluding chronic diseases and long-term use of certain drugs.We report the case of a 61-year-old healthy patient who sustained a\r\nsimultaneous bilateral quadriceps tendon rupture following minor trauma. Medical history was completely clear except of a longterm\r\nnasal corticosteroid medication due to allergic rhinitis....
Qinggan Huoxue Recipe is a traditional Chinese medicine, which has been usually used to improve liver function in hepatitis. In\r\norder to investigate the effects of high-dose Qinggan Huoxue Recipe on acute liver failure and explore the potential mechanism, we\r\nhad built acute liver failure models in rats by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine (D-GalN). High-dose Qinggan Huoxue\r\nRecipe was delivered by gavage. After treatment, the blood alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total\r\nbilirubin (TBIL), albumin (ALB), cholinesterase (CHE), and prothrombin time (PT) were determined.The pathological score of\r\nliver tissue was recorded. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemistry staining and fluorescence quantitative\r\nreverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4),\r\nnuclear factor-kappa B (NF-?B), and Caspase-3 were performed.The survival curve was also depicted. Our results demonstrated\r\nthat high-dose QingganHuoxue Recipe could significantly improve liver function and increase survival rates in rats with acute liver\r\nfailure. These effects were supposed to be mediated by suppressing inflammatory reaction and apoptosis....
Loading....